Current Issue : July-September Volume : 2011 Issue Number : 3 Articles : 12 Articles
The present study deals with the formulation of fast dissolving tablets of poorly soluble carvedilol by direct compression technique using solid dispersion method and various superdisintegrants like croscaramellose sodium, sodium starch glycolate and crospovidone. The prepared tablets were evaluated for hardness, friability, drug content, weight variation, disintegration time, wetting time and in vitro dissolution studies. The prepared solid dispersion was subjected to DSC studies. No chemical interaction between drug and excipients was confirmed. SEM studies revealed the amorphous form of carvedilol in solid dispersion. The different formulations showed disintegration time between 64.16 and 74.12s. Among all the formulations F1 formulation containing croscaramellose sodium (9mg) showed release up to 98.67% in 12 min. Thus, F1 was considered as the best among the other formulations....
Mucoadhesive films of Metronidazole (MTZ) were formulated in order to achieve the high bioavailability and effective treatment for periodontal diseases. The films were prepared at different pH’s (5, 7&10) containing dispersions of sodium alginate (SA), magnesium aluminum silicate (MAS) with MTZ by solvent evaporation technique. The films were characterized for surface morphology, MTZ content; Invitro release rate, bioadhesion, and its permeation across the mucosal membrane were investigated. It reveals that the MTZ loaded SA-MAS films prepared at pH 5 yields not only high content of MTZ but also shows a good bioadhesive property for adhesion to mucosal membrane. More over at pH 5 the formation of MTZ-MAS complexes which acts as micro reservoirs of the films having the positive influence on MTZ content & release rate. These findings shows that through buccal delivery system the MTZ loaded SA-MAS films (with no. of MTZ-MAS complexes as microreserviors) having a strong potential for the treatment of periodontal diseases through buccal delivery system....
An attempt was made to improve the oral bioavailability of tinidazole by preparing calcium alginate beads containing Tinidazole (TN) using 32 factorial design with Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC-K4M) and chitosan concentration as variables by using orifice ionic-gelation process.Differnt methode like Orifice-Ionic Gelation, Preparation of Alginate carriers, Characterization and Evaluation of Microcarriers, Dissolution study, Scanning Electron Microscopy, Infra red (IR) study, Stability studies study....
The aim of present study was to prepare and evaluate the enteric coated tablets of Duloxetine Hydrochloride (DLX), a selective serotonin and nor-epinephrine reuptake inhibitor clinically used for treatment of depression disorders. The Solid dispersions (SD) of DLX were prepared using Chitosan (CH) as a biocompatible and mucoadhesive carrier. The SD formulations were prepared by varying ratios of drug to polymer using freeze drying method. The prepared SD formulations were characterized by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Fourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The enteric coated tablets of DLX were formulated using solid dispersions along with suitable excipients by direct compression method. The formulated tablets were characterized for the swelling behavior, mucoadhesion time and in vitro drug release. FT-IR showed a good physical compatibility between CH and DLX. From DSC and XRD studies it may be concluded that there is change in crystalline form of drug into amorphous during formation of SD. A slow and prolonged release of the drug was observed from tablets by in vitro studies as compared to marketed formulation. The swelling properties of the polymer seemed to be the main parameter affecting the mucoadhesion time and drug release profile from tablets. From the in vitro swelling studies, mucoadhesion time and in vitro release studies, the 1:3 DLX-CH solid dispersion tablets was optimized. The release pattern of optimized formulation followed the Higuchi Model....
Pain is an unpleasant sensation and demands instant relief. Aceclofenac is one of the selective drug having low solubility in water. The present research work was done to increase the water solubility of Aceclofenac by using Polyethylene Glycol 6000 and Croscarmellose. The solid dispersion was prepared by using three different methods like physical mixture, kneading method and solvent evaporation technique in 1:1 and 1:2 ratio. All the batches were evaluated for angle of repose, bulk density, compresiblity, Moisture uptake, solubility and drug content. The final batch was evaluated by Differencial Scanning Colorimetry (DSC)....
Ayurvedic formulations are widely used as complementary medicine with modern therapeutics. The assessment of quality of a these medicine is a research matter to be treated carefully by applying current scientific concepts. Arishtas comprise an important group of liquid orals mentioned in ancient Ayurvedic literature. Arjunarishta is marketed herbal formulation commonly used as cardiotonic prepared using Terminalia arjuna as an active constituent. Three different brands of arjunarishta formulation were evaluated in the present study. This formulation generally palatable to user due to sweet taste combined with fine aroma, which masks the unpleasant taste and odour of the added herbal ingredients....
Acne vulgaris is a multi-factorial dermatological disorder affecting the pilosebaceous follicle characterized by open and/or closed comedones, papules, pustules, nodules and scars. It primarily affects children and adolescents. Available anti-acne drugs are associated with side effects; antibiotic resistance has been increasing in prevalence within the dermatologic setting. In the present study, an attempt has been made to formulate Aloe emodin gel with carbopol 940 as a gelling agent with good anti-acne potential. Aloe-emodin was semi-synthetically prepared from aloin which was previously isolated from Aloe vera (Liliaceae). Obtained compound was then characterized by means of spectral analysis. Antibacterial potential of aloe-emodin gels against P. acnes and S. aureus was determined by agar-well diffusion method which showed good antibacterial activity (Zone of inhibition < 10 mm). Anti-inflammatory activity was determined by carrageenan induced paw edema....
In order to elicit the pharmacological action in the body the release rate and onset of action is extremely important for different dosage forms. To determine the biological activity of product the rate and extent of availability of drug into systemic circulation is essential. Drug products are said to be bioequivalent, when two or more chemically equilent drug products are not significantly in bioavailability characteristics when administered in same dose under similarly experiment conditions. The other type of equilences is chemical, therapeutic and pharmaceutical equilences. In- vitro equilency testing studies are generally conducted by comparing the dissolution profiles performers of dosage forms of amoxicillin trihydrate tablets using dissolution equipment. These tests are important for verification of the batch-to-batch profile, uniformity with respect to dissolution for the same product in the industry. In the present study in vitro equilency tests are proposed to conduct in vivo of difference in manufacturing processes adopted by the difference pharmaceutical manufactures, influence of process variables, on drug release, the difference in type and quantities of excepients used in the formulation and various physico chemical factors of the drugs and excepients used in the design of the dosage form. As there is increasing in the number of products of same drug in different industries and in different dosages....
The purpose of this study is to develop the bilayer tablet of paracetamol where first layer is immediate release and the second layer is extended release for better, longer symptomatic relief. The immediate release layer of tablet was prepared by wet granulation while the extended release layer was directly compressed matrix layer. The ingredients for preparation of granules of immediate release layer were selected by trial and error method. While the extended release matrix was optimized by different ratio of HPMC K4M and xanthan gum. The tablets were analyzed to determine their hardness, friability, uniformity of weight, uniformity of content and in vitro dissolution study. The formulation batch F3 was found to be optimum. More than half of the dose was immediately released and extended release was achieved for the remaining dose. The extended release was achieved with the developed combination matrix systems based on HPMC and xanthan gum. HPMC may start retarding the release of the drug comparatively faster than xanthan gum. In opposite side the xanthan gum is responsible for the longer retardation. The tablets of F3 formulation batch was found to deliver the drug consistently for the required period of time. The extended release was found to follow the non – fickian release pattern....
Aegle marmelos, Enicostemma littorale and Eugenia jambolana are three herbs commonly used in India as antidiabetic action, mostly in oral liquid dosage forms or whole herbs powder. Several disadvantages are associated with these traditional dosage forms which can perhaps be remedied by using an appropriate oral solid freeze dried extract, provided the actual plant material in the latter still resemble, as closely as possible, the traditionally used material and provide products of suitable pharmaceutical quality. The objectives of this study were to prepare and evaluate the pharmaceutical suitability of the freeze-dried aqueous extracts of A. marmelos, E. littorale and E. jambolana, and have immediate release characteristics and suitable stability. To realize these objectives the decoction of the plants were made and freeze-dried, and each dried extracts evaluated, in a pre-formulation study, for its organoleptic and physicochemical (e.g. particle size and shape, powder density, flowability, solubility, etc) properties and levels of marker compounds. For the latter a validated HPLC assay was used. The freeze-dried aqueous extracts of A. marmelos, E. littorale and E. jambolana, produced were moderately fine powders with irregular particle shapes, were sparingly soluble in water, but highly wettable, had good flow properties, on average contained 4.398±0.1357, 6.02 ± 0.1754 and 4.89 ± 0.2354 moisture for A. marmelos, E. littorale and E. jambolana, respectively, had microbial contamination counts well within the specifications and were suitable plant raw materials. The average amount of Psoralen, Sweriamarin and Gallic acid in 1 gm of A.marmelose, E.littorale and E.jambolana freeze dried extracts were 0.542±0.136, 1.897±0.426 and 4.508±0.629 mg respectively. Collectively, the results showed that the aqueous freeze dried extracts A.marmelose, E.littorale and E.jambolana were suitable as raw materials of the plants....
Solubility and dissolution rate of Rosuvastatin calcium was studied in four media having different pH. The samples were analyzed by using UV Visible spectrophotometer. Rosuvastatin calcium shows more solubility in water and pH 6.8 phosphate buffer and lower and almost similar solubility in 0.1 N HCl and pH 4.5 Acetate buffer. Rosuvastatin calcium shows varying dissolution rate in all media and it was clearly observed that dissolution rate was increased as the drug passes through GIT. The solubility and dissolution data in various media is helpful in predicting the bioavailability and also in dissolution method development....
ABSTRACT\r\nAn oral solid dosage form should ideally disperse into the primary particles from which it was prepared. Tablets and capsules which need rapid disintegration, the inclusion of the right disintegrant is a prerequisite for optimal bioavailability. Superdisintegrants are used to improve the efficacy of solid dosage forms. This is achieved by decreasing the disintegration time which in turn enhances drug dissolution rate. Disintegrants are substances or mixture of substances added the drug formulation that facilitates the breakup or disintegration of tablet or capsule content into smaller particles that dissolve more rapidly than in the absence of disintegrants. Superdisintegrants are generally used at a low level in the solid dosage form, typically 1- 10 % by weight relative to the total weight of the dosage unit. The present study comprises the various kinds of superdisintegrants which are being used in the formulation to provide the safer, effective drug delivery with patient's compliance....
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